Solving Systems by Substitution

ID: tudap-dusif
Illustrative Math
Subject: Algebra, Algebra 2

Solving Systems by Substitution

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Problem 1

1) Identify a solution to this system of equations: ﻿$\begin{cases} -4x + 3y = 23 \\ x - y = -7 \end{cases}$﻿

a) $\text{(-5, 2)}$b) $\text{(-2, 5)}$c) $\text{(-3, 4)}$d) $\text{(4, -3)}$
Problem 2

Lin is solving this system of equations: ﻿$\begin{cases} 6x - 5y = 34 \\ 3x + 2y = 8 \end{cases}$﻿

She starts by rearranging the second equation to isolate the ﻿$y$﻿ variable: ﻿$y = 4 - 1.5x$﻿. She then substituted the expression ﻿$4 - 1.5x$﻿ for ﻿$y$﻿ in the first equation, as shown:

﻿$\begin{array}{cc}\begin{array}{rcl} \\[-1em] 6x - 5(4 - 1.5x) & = & 34 \\[-1em] \\ \\[-1em] 6x - 20 - 7.5x & = & 34 \\[-1em] \\ \\[-1em] -1.5x & = & 54 \\[-1em] \\ \\[-1em] x & = & -36 \\[-1em] \end{array} & \begin{array}{rcl} \\[-1em] y & = & 4 - 1.5x \\[-1em] \\ \\[-1em] y & = & 4 - 1.5 \cdot (-36) \\[-1em] \\ \\[-1em] y & = & 58 \\[-1em] \end{array} \end{array}$﻿

2) Check to see if Lin's solution of (-36, 58) makes both equations in the system true.

True or false? Write below.
Show Work

3) If your answer to the previous question is "no," find and explain her mistake. If your answer is "yes," graph the equations to verify the solution of the system.

Problem 3

Solve each system of equations.

4) ﻿$\begin{cases} 2x - 4y = 20 \\ x = 4 \end{cases}$﻿

Show Work

5) ﻿$\begin{cases} y = 6x + 11 \\ 2x - 3y = 7 \end{cases}$﻿

Show Work
Problem 4

6) Tyler and Han are trying to solve this system by substitution: ﻿$\begin{cases} x + 3y = -5 \\ 9x + 3y = 3 \end{cases}$﻿

Tyler's first step is to isolate ﻿$x$﻿ in the first equation to get ﻿$x = -5 - 3y$﻿. Han's first step is to isolate ﻿$3y$﻿ in the first equation to get ﻿$3y = -5 - x$﻿.

Show that both first steps can be used to solve the system and will yield the same solution.

Problem 5

The dot plots show the distribution of the length, in centimeters, of 25 shark teeth for an extinct species of shark and the length, in centimeters, of 25 shark teeth for a closely related shark species that is still living.

7) Compare the two dot plots using the shape of the distribution. Use the situation described in the problem in your explanation.

8) Compare the two dot plots using the measures of center. Use the situation described in the problem in your explanation.

9) Compare the two dot plots using the measures of variability. Use the situation described in the problem in your explanation.

10) Kiran buys supplies for the school’s greenhouse. He buys ﻿$f$﻿ bags of fertilizer and ﻿$p$﻿ packages of soil. He pays $5 for each bag of fertilizer and$2 for each package of soil, and spends a total of $90. The equation ﻿$5f + 2p = 90$﻿ describes this relationship. If Kiran solves the equation for ﻿$p$﻿, which equation would result? a) $2p = 90 - 5f$b) $p = \frac{5f - 90}{2}$c) $p = 45 - 2.5f$d) $p = \frac{85f}{2}$ Show Work Problem 7 Elena wanted to find the slope and ﻿$y$﻿-intercept of the graph of ﻿$25x - 20y = 100$﻿. She decided to put the equation in slope-intercept form first. Here is her work: ﻿$\begin{array}{rcl} \\[-1em] 25x - 20y & = & 100 \\[-1em] \\ \\[-1em] 20y & = & 100 - 25x \\[-1em] \\ \\[-1em] y & = & 5 - \frac{5}{4}x \\[-1em] \end{array}$﻿ She concluded that the slope is ﻿$-\frac{5}{4}$﻿ and the ﻿$y$﻿-intercept is ﻿$(0, 5)$﻿. 11) What was Elena’s mistake? 12) What is the slope of the line? 13) Explain or show your reasoning. 14) What are the ﻿$y$﻿-intercept of the line? 15) Explain or show your reasoning. Problem 8 Find the ﻿$x$﻿- and ﻿$y$﻿-intercepts of the graph of each equation. ﻿$y = 10 - 2x$﻿ 16) Find the ﻿$x$﻿-intercept of the graph. 17) Find the ﻿$y$﻿-intercept of the graph. ﻿$4y + 9x = 18$﻿ 18) Find the ﻿$x$﻿-intercept of the graph. 19) Find the ﻿$y$﻿-intercept of the graph. ﻿$6x - 2y = 44$﻿ 20) Find the ﻿$x$﻿-intercept of the graph. 21) Find the ﻿$y$﻿-intercept of the graph. ﻿$2x = 4 + 12y$﻿ 22) Find the ﻿$x$﻿-intercept of the graph. 23) Find the ﻿$y$﻿-intercept of the graph. Problem 9 24) Andre is buying snacks for the track and field team. He buys ﻿$a$﻿ pounds of apricots for$6 per pound and ﻿$b$﻿ pounds of dried bananas for $4 per pound. He buys a total of 5 pounds of apricots and dried bananas and spends a total of$24.50.

Which system of equations represents the constraints in this situation?

a) $\begin{cases} 6a + 4b = 5 \\ a + b = 24.50 \end{cases}$b) $\begin{cases} 6a + 4b = 24.50 \\ a + b = 5 \end{cases}$c) $\begin{cases} 6a = 4b \\ 5(a + b) = 24.50 \end{cases}$d) $\begin{cases} 6a + b = 4 \\ 5a + b = 24.50 \end{cases}$
Problem 10

Here are two equations:

Equation 1: ﻿$y = 3x + 8$﻿

Equation 2: ﻿$2x - y = -6$﻿

Without using graphing technology:

25) Find a point that is a solution to Equation 1 but not a solution to Equation 2.

Show Work

26) Find a point that is a solution to Equation 2 but not a solution to Equation 1.

Show Work

27) Graph the two equations.

28) Find a point that is a solution to both equations.